英文词汇"salary"（薪酬）确实源自拉丁文"salarium"，意为"津贴或金钱津贴"1。尽管"sal"（盐）与"salarium"存在语言联系，但历史证据表明这一民间传说并不成立1。罗马士兵实际上主要以硬币支付，尤其是白银币，而非盐1。
根据历史文献，罗马在公元前405年开始由国家承担起定期向士兵发放军饷的责任1。这笔军饷称为"stipendium"，通常一年分三次发放1。在朱利叶斯·凯撒时代（约公元前50年），军饷被提高至每年225第纳里1。到了第二世纪末，军饷进一步增加至600第纳里1。皇帝塞普蒂米乌斯·塞维鲁斯曾在临终时向儿子告诫："保持和睦，使士兵富足，蔑视所有其他人"1，足见罗马统治者对军饷发放的重视。
士兵的服役期限通常为25年1。退役时，他们会获得"praemia militiae"退休金，在奥古斯都时代这笔金额为3000第纳里1。
The English word "salary" derives from the Latin term "salarium," meaning an allowance or monetary stipend 1. However, the popular belief that Roman soldiers received their wages in salt—suggested by the linguistic connection between "sal" (salt) and "salarium"—lacks historical evidence 1. In fact, Roman soldiers were primarily compensated in coins, particularly silver denarii 1.
The Roman state began formally assuming responsibility for regular soldier compensation around 405 BCE, as documented by the historian Livy 1. Military pay, known as "stipendium," was distributed three times annually 1. By approximately 50 BCE, Julius Caesar increased the annual stipendium to 225 denarii 1. The compensation structure continued to evolve, reaching 600 denarii annually by the late second century 1.
The importance of adequate soldier compensation was underscored by Emperor Septimius Severus, who advised his sons near his death: "Keep harmony among yourselves, enrich the soldiers, and despise everyone else" 1. Soldiers typically served for 25 years, after which they received retirement benefits called "praemia militiae," which amounted to 3,000 denarii during the time of Augustus 1.
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