世界卫生组织发布更新版痴呆症风险预防指南，指出高达45%的痴呆症风险可通过修改可调节风险因素来预防或延缓[1]。该指南基于现有证据，提供了一系列干预建议，包括认知训练、增加社交活动、提升体育活动水平、戒烟限酒、保持健康饮食和减少空气污染暴露等措施[1]。
全球痴呆症负担日益加重。目前全球超过5700万人患有痴呆症，每年约新增1000万病例[1]，其中阿尔茨海默病是最常见的形式，约占所有病例的60–70%[1]。这一疾病给全球经济造成巨大压力，年度经济损失估计达1.3万亿美元，其中约一半源于家庭和朋友的无偿照顾负担[1]。
世卫组织总干事谭德塞表示，"各国现在拥有清晰、基于证据的建议，可以立即付诸实践以保护人们的认知健康"[1]。此外，指南同时指出，在没有确诊缺陷的情况下，不建议补充维生素B和E、omega-3多不饱和脂肪酸以及多种维生素/矿物质[1]。
The World Health Organization has released updated guidance on dementia prevention, concluding that up to 45% of dementia risk can be prevented or delayed through modification of controllable risk factors [1]. The evidence-based recommendations include cognitive training, social engagement, increased physical activity, smoking cessation, alcohol reduction, healthy diet, and decreased air pollution exposure [1].
The new guidelines arrive amid a growing global burden of cognitive decline. More than 57 million people worldwide currently live with dementia, with approximately 10 million new cases diagnosed annually [1]. Alzheimer's disease accounts for 60–70% of dementia cases, making it the most prevalent form [1]. The economic toll is substantial: dementia costs the global economy an estimated $1.3 trillion annually, with roughly half of that figure attributable to unpaid care provided by families and friends [1].
WHO Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus emphasized that "countries now have clear, evidence-based advice they can implement immediately to protect people's cognitive health" [1]. The guidelines also address supplementation, recommending against vitamins B and E, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and multivitamin or mineral supplements unless a specific deficiency has been diagnosed [1].