尼泊尔举行全国哀悼日悼念洪灾遇难者

尼泊尔于8月26日遭遇特大山洪灾害，时隔13天后于周一举行全国哀悼日12。这场灾难由冰川崩塌引发2，造成至少1,287至1,300人死亡12，超过5,000人失踪12。政府降半旗致哀，民众举行烛光悼念和象征性葬礼，悼念仪式标志着传统印度教13天哀悼期的最后一天2。

灾害造成的破坏规模巨大。约7,500户住房被毁，损失估计达256亿美元，占该国年度预算的五分之一3。至少12个水电项目受损，其中约900名工人失踪，约500人被困在隧道中1。受损的水电走廊代表该国约20%的发电能力，完整重建成本估计在40亿至50亿美元之间3。

搜救工作仍在继续进行中。印度、中国、韩国和美国的搜救队参与救援1。最近几天已有4人获救，其中包括一名被埋超过10天后获救的64岁尼泊尔妇女2，以及周五救出的2名尼泊尔工人和周六救出的1名中国籍人员1。然而，民众对救援工作表示不满，抗议救援力度不足，尤其对水电站项目失踪工人的救援效率提出质疑1。

新任总理巴伦·沙阿领导的政府正面临这场灾难的严峻考验3。他于3月上任，此前尼泊尔经历了一年的政治动荡3。政府需要在应对危机与推进政治稳定之间取得平衡，同时面临国家气候变化脆弱性加剧的长期挑战3。

Nepal held a national day of mourning on Monday to honor victims of a catastrophic flood triggered by glacial collapse, marking the final day of a 13-day traditional Hindu mourning period.12 The disaster, which struck on August 26, claimed at least 1,287 to 1,300 lives across Nepal and Tibet, with more than 5,000 people still missing.12 The new government led by Prime Minister Baren Shah, who took office in March, faces an unprecedented test as it manages both immediate rescue operations and longer-term reconstruction efforts.3

Rescue teams continue searching for survivors in hydroelectric tunnels and other locations, with four people rescued in recent days.2 Among those saved was a 64-year-old Nepalese woman pulled from the rubble after being buried for more than ten days.2 Approximately 900 workers at hydroelectric station projects remain unaccounted for, with about 500 trapped in tunnels, prompting public criticism over rescue efficiency.1 Search and rescue teams from India, China, South Korea, and the United States are participating in the operation.1

The disaster's economic toll is severe, with estimated losses reaching $2.56 billion—equivalent to one-fifth of Nepal's annual budget.3 Approximately 7,500 homes were destroyed, with 20,000 requiring reconstruction.3 At least 12 hydroelectric projects sustained damage, affecting roughly 10 percent of Nepal's power generation capacity.3 Full reconstruction costs are estimated between $4 billion and $5 billion.3 Chinese rescue teams discovered 12 bodies along the Nepal-Tibet border, while Tibet reported 31 deaths and 531 missing persons.2