印度尼西亚2026年火灾季节出现异常早期的泥炭地火灾激增现象1。这波火灾由强厄尔尼诺现象和严重干旱驱动，截至9月2日，火灾已释放相当于2015年印度尼西亚火灾危机约10%的温室气体1。哥伦比亚大学研究员Robert Field指出："印度尼西亚仅进入火灾季节约三周，但我们看到火灾活动急剧上升，类似于2015年"1。
泥炭地火灾的危害程度远超其他热带森林火灾。这类地下阴燃火灾产生的细颗粒物是其他热带森林火灾的3倍，二氧化硫多5倍，有机碳多3倍，甲烷和一氧化碳多2倍1。印度尼西亚拥有全球约36%的热带泥炭地1，为此类灾害提供了广泛的燃料基础。2026年8月初，印度尼西亚约90%地区降雨很少或无降雨1，而国家林业部火灾监测平台SiPongi在8月31日检测到946个热点1。
地下泥炭火灾极其难以扑灭，并对周边地区造成严重烟雾污染。马里兰大学生态学家Mark Cochrane指出："最严重的烟雾事件，矛盾的是，用MODIS和VIIRS从太空观测最困难"1。作为参照，2015年印度尼西亚火灾排放了17.5亿吨温室气体当量，超过日本全年排放量1。火灾季节通常在10月或11月随雨季来临而结束1。
Indonesia is experiencing a sharp surge in peatland fires during the early stages of the 2026 fire season, driven by a strengthening El Niño phenomenon and severe drought conditions 1. These underground smoldering fires pose particular hazards because they release far higher concentrations of fine particulates and pollutants compared to tropical forest fires, and remain extremely difficult to extinguish 1. According to Columbia University researcher Robert Field, "Indonesia has only been in fire season for about three weeks, but we are seeing fire activity spike sharply, similar to 2015" 1.
The environmental impact of peatland fires is distinctly more severe than other tropical forest fires. Peatland fires generate three times more fine particulate matter, five times more sulfur dioxide, three times more organic carbon, and twice as much methane and carbon monoxide 1. As of September 2, 2026, the fires had released greenhouse gas emissions equivalent to approximately 10 percent of the 2015 crisis over roughly one month of burning 1. The 2015 Indonesian fires emitted 1.75 billion tons of greenhouse gas equivalents, exceeding Japan's entire annual emissions 1. Indonesia contains approximately 36 percent of the world's tropical peatlands 1.
Contributing to the crisis, approximately 90 percent of Indonesia received little to no rainfall in early August 2026 1. The National Forest Service's fire monitoring platform SiPongi detected 946 hotspots on August 31, 2026 1, while the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration assessed that El Niño conditions were strengthening in August 1. The fire season typically concludes in October or November with the arrival of the rainy season 1. Maryland ecologist Mark Cochrane noted a critical challenge in response efforts: "The most severe smoke events are, paradoxically, the most difficult to observe from space using MODIS and VIIRS" 1.
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