资源受限，超大城市怎么搞绿电？

全国新能源装机规模实现了快速增长。2025年底，全国风电和光伏累计装机达到18.4亿千瓦，大幅超前完成2030年12亿千瓦的规划目标1。然而，作为超大城市的北京和上海在落实"十四五"可再生能源目标时却面临各异的困境。

北京的光伏装机容量达到210万千瓦，完成率为84%，仍未达到250万千瓦的目标；风电装机完成率为79%1。相比之下，上海在光伏领域超额完成了预期，装机容量625万千瓦已超过400万千瓦的目标，但其风电发展严重滞后，装机完成度仅为41%1。这种区域差异反映出超大城市因资源禀赋限制和用地空间不足，在推进新能源转型时面临的复杂挑战。

China's renewable energy capacity reached 1.84 billion kilowatts by the end of 2025, substantially exceeding the 1.2 billion kilowatt target planned for 2030 1. However, this national surge masks significant challenges facing megacities with constrained resources and limited space.

Beijing and Shanghai have struggled to fully meet their renewable energy targets during the 14th Five-Year Plan period. Beijing's photovoltaic installations reached 2.1 million kilowatts, completing 84 percent of its 2.5 million kilowatt goal, while wind power capacity achieved a 79 percent completion rate 1. Shanghai demonstrated stronger performance in solar energy, exceeding its 4 million kilowatt photovoltaic target with 6.25 million kilowatts of installed capacity, but its wind power capacity reached only 41 percent of the planned level 1. These disparities highlight the distinct constraints megacities face in accelerating their energy transitions within their geographic and resource limitations.