美国兰德公司8月31日发布报告《Breaking Glass, Missing Hands》指出，美国缺乏足够的工程师、技术人员和装配工人来在与中国或俄罗斯的潜在冲突中重建被摧毁的军事空间资产。1报告评估显示，在2027-2032年间，美国无法满足在12-24个月内完成卫星及支持系统重建的目标，这一时间框架远低于通常所需的十年左右周期，而现有劳动力缺口需要数年才能弥补。1
人员短缺的规模相当严峻。1约300万美国工程师中仅约3%从事与空间相关工作，而空间行业年度工程职位需求达208,000个，相关产业仅能提供7,000个岗位。1技术工人与装配工的缺口更为突出：年需求30,000个技术工职位但仅11,000人具备资格；年需求244,000个装配工职位，仅13,000名持证工人可胜任，缺口比例为19:1。1
报告还指出了人才培养面临的结构性障碍。1掌握红外和电光探测技术的高级专家需要15年或更长时间才能培养，而博士学位中70%被外籍人士获得。1此外，安全审查流程也造成了延迟——2024财年初级秘密调查平均超过87天，最高机密调查需要近6个月。1针对这些问题，兰德建议美国政府年度投资约500万美元用于奖学金、实习和学术推广，另外拨款800,000美元用于员工转训研究。1
The U.S. space defense industrial base lacks sufficient skilled workers to rapidly rebuild military satellites that would be destroyed in a conflict with China or Russia, according to a report released by the RAND Corporation on August 31, 2024.1 The report, titled "Breaking Glass, Missing Hands," found that between 2027 and 2032, the United States would be unable to meet the 12-to-24-month satellite and support system reconstruction target, as current labor force gaps would require years to close.1
The workforce shortages span multiple sectors critical to space operations. Among approximately 3 million American engineers, only about 3 percent work in space-related fields, despite the space industry requiring 208,000 engineering positions annually—a demand that adjacent industries can only partially fill with 7,000 positions.1 The technician shortage is equally acute, with the sector needing 30,000 skilled technical positions yearly but only 11,000 qualified workers available.1 Assembly workers face an even more severe mismatch: while 244,000 certified assemblers are needed annually, only 13,000 hold the necessary credentials, representing a 19-to-1 deficit.1
Developing specialized expertise presents an additional bottleneck. Personnel trained in infrared and electro-optical detection systems require 15 years or longer to fully qualify, and 70 percent of doctorate degrees in relevant fields are awarded to foreign nationals.1 Security clearance delays compound these challenges, with initial secret-level background investigations averaging more than 87 days and top-secret clearances requiring nearly six months during fiscal year 2024.1 RAND recommends the government invest approximately $5 million annually in scholarships, internships, and academic outreach, supplemented by $800,000 for workforce transition research.1
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