大马士革法院于8月中旬对巴沙尔·阿萨德及其政权高层缺席判处死刑1。阿萨德被控犯有谋杀罪、刑讯逼供罪、剥夺自由权等战争罪和反人类罪1。然而，尽管判决宣布，许多叙利亚受害者和人权活动人士认为这一结果的实际影响有限。阿萨德目前生活在俄罗斯1，而俄罗斯作为其长期盟友，不太可能将其引渡，尽管两国于2023年签署了引渡条约1。
2013年东古塔地区化学武器袭击幸存者胡达·卡依蒂表示："虽然这是好事，但阿萨德只是继续在俄罗斯生活他的生活"1。这一态度反映了受害者群体对于仅有象征意义的司法判决的失望。根据叙利亚人权网络的数据，内战期间超过234,805名平民遇害，其中至少202,000人死于阿萨德政权及其盟军；至少181,312起任意逮捕和强制失踪案件得以记录；45,339例刑讯致死；217起化学武器袭击1。
叙利亚过渡司法进程仍在发展阶段。国家过渡司法委员会成立于2025年5月，目前仅处理阿萨德政权犯行，尚未涉及其他交战方或极端组织的战争罪1。叙利亚国家失踪人员委员会于8月底推出名为Athar的平台，供失踪人员家属提交信息1。许多人权活动人士呼吁更全面的问责进程，以确保对所有战争参与方的调查并保护受害者权益。
A Damascus court handed down death sentences in absentia to Bashar al-Assad and senior members of his regime in mid-August, convicting them of murder, torture, arbitrary detention, and crimes against humanity 1. However, many Syrian victims and human rights activists view the verdict as largely symbolic, given that Assad currently lives in Russia and the likelihood of his extradition remains minimal 1.
Russia and Syria signed an extradition treaty in 2023, yet observers believe Moscow is unlikely to hand over its longtime ally 1. According to data from the Syrian Human Rights Network, the conflict claimed the lives of more than 234,805 civilians, with at least 202,000 killed by Assad's regime and its allies 1. The documentation also records at least 181,312 cases of arbitrary arrest and enforced disappearance, 45,339 deaths from torture, and 217 chemical weapons attacks 1. Huda Kaiti, a survivor of the 2013 East Ghouta chemical weapons attack, stated: "Although this is good, Assad is just continuing to live his life in Russia" 1.
Efforts toward transitional justice remain incomplete. Syria's national committee on missing persons launched a platform called Athar in late August to allow families of the disappeared to submit information 1. The National Transitional Justice Commission, established in May 2025, currently addresses only crimes committed by Assad's regime and has not yet examined war crimes by other armed parties or extremist organizations 1.
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