哈萨克斯坦汉学家阿迪力·卡乌肯诺夫在南京举办的第二届"一带一路"民心相通论坛上分享了他二十多年亲历的中哈两国关系发展历程。1阿迪力见证了中国对哈萨克斯坦的认知发生了根本性转变——2002年他初次来华时，从阿拉木图到乌鲁木齐需要两天半，中国出租车司机对哈萨克斯坦知之甚少；如今，这些司机已能随口说出"我知道，'一带一路'国家"。1
人员流动与文化交流的深度变化最为显著。1中亚地区来华留学生人数从个位数增至如今的1.8万至2万人——阿迪力年轻时在山东省是整个省仅有的哈萨克斯坦留学生。1与此同时，99%的哈萨克斯坦及中亚国家儿童接受多语言教育，汉语已成为"从小就开始学"的热门语言。1中国电影《哪吒》等动画作品、影视剧和网络文学在哈萨克斯坦日益流行。1哈萨克斯坦总统托卡耶夫曾就读于北京语言大学，这也体现了双方教育合作的深化。1
在经济层面，中哈合作带动了哈萨克斯坦产业结构调整。1国际物流业在该国就业结构中的占比从1%上升至超过13%。1作为哈萨克斯坦"一带一路"研究中心负责人，阿迪力一年要来中国六七次。1他提出了"知识也是基础设施"的理念，认为大学课程、研究中心、图书馆、档案馆、翻译成果和专家网络等构成了推动人文交流与知识传播的重要基础，这对共建"一带一路"具有重要意义。1
Kazakh sinologist Adil Kaukenov delivered a keynote address at the Second "Belt and Road" People-to-People Exchange Forum held in Nanjing on September 2, 2026, sharing his personal observations of bilateral relations between China and Kazakhstan over more than two decades.1 The transformation he witnessed reflects a dramatic shift in mutual understanding between the two nations.
When Adil first arrived in China in 2002, the journey from Almaty to Urumqi took two and a half days.1 At that time, Chinese taxi drivers had little awareness of Kazakhstan, but today they readily respond with "I know—a Belt and Road country."1 This shift extends across broader segments of Chinese society as knowledge and cultural exchange have deepened. Adil noted that Chinese films, animations, TV dramas, and online literature such as the animated feature Ne Zha have become increasingly popular in Kazakhstan.1 Moreover, 99% of children in Kazakhstan and Central Asian countries now receive multilingual education, with Chinese having become a language "studied from childhood," reflecting the region's growing interest in Mandarin.1
The expansion of educational ties has been particularly striking. When Adil was a young student in Shandong Province, he was the sole Kazakh exchange student in the entire province.1 Today, between 18,000 and 20,000 Kazakh students study in China.1 This growth mirrors broader institutional development: Kazakhstan's president, Tokayev, studied at Beijing Language and Culture University,1 while Adil himself, now director of Kazakhstan's "Belt and Road" Research Center, makes six or seven trips to China annually.1 The economic dimension of this relationship has also expanded significantly, with Kazakhstan's international logistics sector growing from 1% to over 13% of the employment structure.1
Adil introduced the concept of "knowledge as infrastructure," encompassing university curricula, research centers, libraries, archives, translation initiatives, and expert networks.1 This framework underscores the pivotal role of cultural and intellectual exchange in advancing the shared "Belt and Road" initiative and deepening people-to-people connectivity between the two nations.
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