大马士革法院于2026年8月中旬以缺席方式对巴沙尔·阿萨德及其政权高级成员进行审判，以预谋谋杀、刑讯逼供和非法监禁等罪名判处死刑1。然而，由于阿萨德目前在俄罗斯生活，且俄罗斯不太可能将其引渡，许多叙利亚受害者和人权活动人士认为这一判决仅具象征意义1。
叙利亚内战造成了深重的人道主义灾难。根据叙利亚人权网络数据，内战期间超过234,805名平民遇难，其中至少202,000人死于阿萨德政权及其盟国之手1。此外，至少有181,312起任意逮捕和强制失踪案件待调查，45,339人死于刑讯逼供1，阿萨德政权还进行了217次化学武器攻击1。
叙利亚于2025年5月建立了过渡司法国家委员会，但该机构迄今仅处理阿萨德政权的犯罪，未涉及其他交战方或极端组织伊斯兰国的罪行1。许多受害者呼吁建立更全面的过渡司法程序，以追究所有战争罪行责任人1。
A Damascus court handed down death sentences against Bashar al-Assad and senior members of his regime in mid-August 2026 on charges including premeditated murder, torture, and unlawful detention 1. The trial proceeded in absentia, as Assad currently resides in Russia, where he has found refuge following the collapse of his government at the end of 2024 1.
Despite the court's verdict, many Syrian victims and human rights activists view the sentence as merely symbolic, given the slim prospect of Assad's extradition from Russia 1. Although Syria and Russia signed an extradition treaty in 2023, Russian authorities are unlikely to hand over the former leader 1. According to data from the Syrian Network for Human Rights, the civil war resulted in the deaths of over 234,805 civilians, with at least 202,000 killed by Assad's regime and its allies 1. The regime also carried out 217 chemical weapons attacks and bore responsibility for at least 181,312 cases of arbitrary arrest and enforced disappearance, with 45,339 people dying under torture 1.
In response to these crimes, Syria established a National Transitional Justice Commission in May 2025 1. However, critics argue that its mandate remains incomplete, as it has so far focused exclusively on offenses committed by Assad's regime while neglecting alleged violations by other combatants and the extremist group ISIS 1. Survivors and advocates are calling for a more comprehensive transitional justice framework that would hold all warring parties accountable for their actions during the conflict.
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