尼泊尔上周三遭遇致命洪水，造成1300多人死亡，数千人失踪1。这场灾难对该国能源基础设施造成了严重打击——洪水摧毁了特里苏利河盆地的12座水电站，导致尼泊尔超过10%的电力产能中断1。鉴于尼泊尔约100%的电力来自水电，每年还通过水电出口创收近2亿美元，这次灾害凸显了国家对单一能源的过度依赖所带来的脆弱性1。
尼泊尔目前拥有225座水电站，装机容量超过3900MW1。其中上特里苏利1号项目投资约6.47亿美元，也在此次洪水中遭破坏1。过去三年间，保险公司已为20多座私营水电站洪灾赔付约4000万美元，表明极端降水事件对该行业构成持续威胁1。
气候变化加剧了这一问题。喜马拉雅山高海拔地区升温速度比全球平均水平快50%，而2018年至2024年期间，尼泊尔超过90%的灾害事件与气候相关1。前能源部长库尔曼·基辛将此次洪水称为百年一遇事件1。尼泊尔电力局官员已承认气候相关灾害频率增加，表示需要重新审视水电政策1。2024年9月特里苏利河盆地曾因异常暴雨发生洪水，2025年7月西藏吉隆县冰川湖决堤引发的洪水流入尼泊尔，至少造成11人死亡1。
A catastrophic flood in Nepal last Wednesday killed more than 1,300 people and caused extensive damage to the nation's power infrastructure, bringing into sharp focus the risks of the country's near-total dependence on hydroelectric energy 1. The disaster destroyed 12 hydroelectric stations in the Trishuli River basin, disrupting over 10 percent of Nepal's total generating capacity 1. Officials from Nepal's power authority acknowledged that climate-related disasters are increasing in frequency and signaled the need to reconsider the country's hydropower strategy 1.
Nepal generates approximately 100 percent of its electricity from hydropower, generating close to $200 million annually through power exports 1. The country currently operates 225 hydroelectric stations with a combined capacity exceeding 3,900 megawatts 1. The Upper Trishuli 1 project, which required an investment of approximately $647 million, was among the facilities damaged in the floods 1. Over the past three years, insurance companies have paid out roughly $40 million in flood-related claims for more than 20 privately operated hydroelectric stations 1.
Climate change has intensified the vulnerability of Nepal's energy infrastructure. High-altitude regions of the Himalayas are warming at a rate 50 percent faster than the global average 1, and more than 90 percent of disaster events in Nepal between 2018 and 2024 were climate-related 1. Former Energy Minister Kulman Ghising characterized the recent flood as a once-in-a-century event 1. The flooding followed an unusual heavy rainstorm in the Trishuli River basin in September 2024, and in July 2025, a glacial lake outburst in Tibet's Gyelung County sent floodwaters into Nepal, killing at least 11 people 1.
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