尼泊尔洪灾引发气候正义争议

尼泊尔波特克什-特里苏利河流域遭遇毁灭性洪灾，造成超过1250人死亡、近4000人失踪，基础设施损失估计达26亿美元。1尼泊尔总理巴伦德拉·沙阿将应对这场灾难称作"全球责任"，并计划在联合国大会上提出气候正义议题。1

尼泊尔政府指出，该国仅贡献全球0.1%的温室气体排放，人均二氧化碳排放量仅为0.5吨/年，却面临严重气候灾害。1根据尼泊尔的评估，该国在2025-2035年期间适应气候变化需要180亿至200亿美元的资金投入。1尽管气候灾害基金已于2025年成立，但该基金目前缺乏法律约束力。1

A devastating flood in Nepal's Potkesh-Trisuli River basin has claimed over 1,250 lives and left nearly 4,000 people missing, with infrastructure damage estimated at $2.6 billion 1. The catastrophe has prompted Nepal's government to raise the issue of climate justice on the international stage, highlighting the stark disparity between the country's minimal contribution to global emissions and the severe climate impacts it faces.

Nepal accounts for only 0.1 percent of global greenhouse gas emissions, with per capita emissions of 0.5 tons of carbon dioxide annually 1. Yet the nation bears disproportionate consequences of climate change. Prime Minister Barendra Shah has characterized the response to such disasters as a "global responsibility" 1, underscoring Nepal's argument that wealthier, historically high-emitting nations must share accountability. The government plans to bring the climate justice question to the upcoming United Nations General Assembly 1.

To address climate adaptation needs, Nepal estimates it will require between $18 billion and $20 billion from 2025 to 2035 1. While the Loss and Damage Fund was established in 2025 to support vulnerable nations recovering from climate-related disasters, the mechanism currently lacks legal enforceability 1.