斯坦福大学与西安交通利物浦大学、上海交通大学和中国科学院大学的研究人员发现，海鞘中含有的磷脂酰乙醇胺这种脂肪分子能够在小鼠实验中逆转多项衰老迹象1。研究表明，接受磷脂酰乙醇胺补充剂的老化小鼠在莫里斯水迷宫测试中表现得更像年轻小鼠，在五天训练后显示出改善的记忆力1。此外，补充剂还增加了老化小鼠的突触数量，并显著降低了脑部炎症1。
磷脂酰乙醇胺广泛存在于人体大脑、心脏和免疫细胞中，但随着年龄增长而下降1。研究团队发现，磷脂酰乙醇胺低下与阿尔茨海默病和帕金森病等神经退行性疾病相关1。参与研究的教授Lei Fu指出："我们的研究表明磷脂酰乙醇胺不仅可以阻止认知衰退，而且可能逆转老化脑的认知障碍"1。这项研究发表在《分子生物学前沿》2022年第9卷1。
Researchers from Stanford University, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Shanghai Jiaotong University, and the Chinese Academy of Sciences University have identified a lipid molecule with potential anti-aging properties.1 The compound, phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), is found in sea squirts—known as meongge in Korea and hoya in Japan—and demonstrated the ability to reverse multiple signs of aging in aged mice.1
Phosphatidylethanolamine is naturally present throughout the human brain, heart, and immune cells but declines with age.1 In laboratory tests, aged mice receiving PE supplementation performed significantly better on memory assessments after five days of training in the Morris water maze test, exhibiting cognitive abilities more similar to younger mice.1 The treated animals also showed increased synapse numbers and markedly reduced brain inflammation.1 Professor Lei Fu stated that "our research demonstrates that phosphatidylethanolamine not only can halt cognitive decline, but may actually reverse cognitive impairment in aging brains."1
The findings carry potential clinical relevance, as PE deficiency has been associated with neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease.1 The research was published in Frontiers in Molecular Biology in 2022, Volume 9, with DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.815320.1
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