美国总统特朗普周一宣布对加拿大产品征收50%关税[1]。特朗普援引1930年《关税法》第338条款实施这一措施，声称加拿大歧视美国出口的汽车、酒精和奶酪[1]。
这些关税将于8月19日生效，涵盖从曲棍球棍到啤酒等多种产品[1]，预计将影响约200亿美元的加拿大进口商品[1]。美国去年从加拿大进口价值3890亿美元的商品，而加拿大72%的商品出口流向美国[1]，因此这一举措对加拿大经济的冲击可能更为显著。
虽然对美国经济总体影响有限，但可能抬高美国消费者物价[1]。根据特朗普政府数据，2025年已实施的关税政策已使美国家庭平均承担1000美元的成本[1]。
该关税措施面临重大法律风险。第338条款从未被使用过，是"完全未经测试的"[1]。美国贸易律师Ryan Majerus表示，"至少有很大概率会被推翻"[1]。最高法院曾在2月推翻过基于国际应急权力法(IEEPA)的关税[1]。
President Trump announced on Monday a 50% tariff on Canadian goods, invoking Section 338 of the Tariff Act of 1930 [1]. Trump claimed that Canada discriminates against American exports, specifically citing barriers to American automobiles, alcohol, and cheese [1].
The tariffs will take effect on August 19 [1]. The duties are expected to affect approximately $20 billion in Canadian imports [1], a significant share given that Canada exported roughly $389 billion in goods to the United States last year, with 72% of Canada's total exports destined for the American market [1].
The affected product range is broad, spanning items from hockey sticks to beer [1]. While the direct impact on the U.S. economy is anticipated to be limited, the tariffs pose greater risks for Canada and may contribute to higher consumer prices in the United States [1].
Section 338 of the Tariff Act has never been used before and faces substantial legal vulnerability [1]. Trade lawyer Ryan Majerus stated that there is "at least a strong likelihood" the provision will be overturned [1]. The legal risk is underscored by the Supreme Court's February ruling that struck down tariffs imposed under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act [1].
The move follows Trump administration tariffs already imposed in 2025, which have reportedly cost American households an average of $1,000 [1].