澳大利亚维多利亚州一名三岁女童在访问接触式动物园后因溶血性尿毒症综合征（HUS）死亡1。该疾病由产志贺毒素的大肠杆菌引起1，这类细菌广泛存在于牛和其他反刍动物（如羊和山羊）体内1。在接触式动物园环境中，病原体可在动物毛皮、羊毛、粪便、垫料、土壤、饲料及围栏设施等多处发现1。
HUS初期症状包括恶心、胃痉挛、呕吐和腹泻，其中部分腹泻可能含有血液1。需要重点关注的警示症状为血性腹泻、排尿明显减少、嗜睡、面色苍白、不明原因瘀伤或皮肤出现红紫色斑点1。若未及时治疗，志贺毒素会损害血管内膜，进而引发循环和肾脏功能障碍，可能进展至肾衰竭、高血压、癫痫发作，严重情况下导致死亡1。幼儿因频繁将手指、玩具、食物和安抚奶嘴放入口中而特别易受感染1。
为降低感染风险，接触式动物园应在靠近动物区域配置洗手设施，包括流动水、肥皂、一次性毛巾和提醒标志1。用肥皂和流水洗手20秒或更长时间的效果优于手部消毒剂1。
A three-year-old girl in Victoria, Australia died from hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), a rare and severe condition that developed following a visit to a petting zoo 1. HUS is typically caused by infection with Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli bacteria 1. The disease can progress to kidney failure, high blood pressure, and seizures, and in some cases proves fatal 1.
The initial symptoms of HUS include nausea, stomach cramps, vomiting, and diarrhea, which may contain blood 1. Warning signs that require urgent medical attention include bloody diarrhea, significantly reduced urination, lethargy, pallor, unexplained bruising, or purple-red spots on the skin 1. The Shiga toxin damages blood vessel linings, leading to circulatory and kidney complications 1.
Shiga toxin-producing bacteria are present on animal fur and wool, feces, bedding, soil, feed, fence floors, and railings in petting zoo environments 1. Cattle and other ruminants, including sheep and goats, are recognized animal reservoirs for this pathogenic strain 1. Young children face particular vulnerability because they frequently place their fingers, toys, food, and pacifiers in their mouths 1.
Petting zoos can reduce infection risk through proper hygiene and regulation 1. Facilities should install hand-washing stations with running water, soap, disposable towels, and warning signs near animal contact areas 1. Washing hands with soap and water for twenty seconds or longer is more effective than hand sanitizers 1.
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