美国诈骗犯罪形势日益严峻。2024年，美国人向联邦贸易委员会报告的诈骗损失达159亿美元，较2023年增长25%12。然而这一数字仅为冰山一角——联邦贸易委员会估计实际损失接近2000亿美元，即每天约5.5亿美元12。根据美联社与NORC的民调，98%的美国人怀疑曾遭诈骗分子针对，其中30%的人声称因诈骗损失过金钱或信息12。
美联社与FRONTLINE的联合调查采访了58名诈骗受害者，受害者年龄从32岁到90岁不等，损失从数千美元到400万美元不等2。令人担忧的是，大多数受害者得不到有效救济。美国国税局往往要求诈骗受害者对被骗汇出的税延后账户资金缴税1。自2018年起，受害者无法从应税收入中扣除诈骗损失2。
美国政府已开始采取行动应对这一危机。美国司法部于2024年11月推出特别工作队打击东南亚犯罪网络1。特朗普政府签署行政令，指示司法部长优先起诉诈骗者并提交受害人赔偿方案建议1。然而，美国目前仍缺乏综合战略——至少13个联邦机构涉及这些犯罪的不同方面，且缺乏统一定义1。FBI每天平均收到近3000起互联网犯罪投诉1。
相比之下，部分国家已出台更严格的监管措施。英国自2024年底要求金融服务公司补偿被骗客户12，欧盟《数字服务法》要求平台迅速处理举报的诈骗内容1，新加坡《防止诈骗法》允许警察临时限制诈骗受害者的银行转账1。
Reported fraud losses in the United States hit an unprecedented $15.9 billion in 2024, representing a 25 percent increase from the previous year.1 The Federal Trade Commission estimates that actual losses are far higher, potentially reaching approximately $2 billion—equivalent to roughly $550 million per day.1
Despite the scale of the problem, most victims receive little assistance and many face additional financial hardship. An AP-NORC poll found that 98 percent of Americans suspect they have been targeted by scammers, with 30 percent claiming to have lost money or personal information to fraud.1 A joint AP and FRONTLINE investigation interviewed 58 victims whose losses ranged from thousands of dollars to $4 million, with ages spanning from 32 to 90 years old.2 Compounding their losses, many fraud victims are required to pay taxes on funds they never received. Since 2018, victims have been unable to deduct fraud losses from their taxable income.2
Several countries have moved to strengthen protections for fraud victims. The United Kingdom requires financial services companies to compensate defrauded customers, a requirement that took effect at the end of 2024.1 The European Union's Digital Services Act mandates that platforms rapidly address reported fraud content.1 Singapore's Prevention of Scams Act authorizes police to temporarily restrict bank transfers for fraud victims.1 In the United States, the Department of Justice launched a specialized task force in November 2024 targeting Southeast Asian criminal networks involved in scams.1 The Trump administration signed an executive order in March directing the Attorney General to prioritize prosecuting fraudsters and submit recommendations for victim compensation.1
However, the U.S. response remains fragmented, with at least 13 federal agencies involved in addressing different aspects of these crimes but lacking a unified definition and national strategy.1 The FBI receives an average of nearly 3,000 internet crime complaints daily.1 While the FBI's Operation Level Up has prevented approximately 8,500 people from falling victim to scams over the past two years, the overall scale of criminal activity continues to outpace enforcement efforts.2
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