黑碳作为一种隐蔽的气候污染物，正在加速全球冰川消融。自本世纪初以来，全球冰川已损失了超过6.5万亿吨冰量1。黑碳通过降低冰雪反照率，其单位质量增温潜势可能达到二氧化碳的1500倍，在1750年至2019年间推动了约0.1℃的全球升温1。尽管黑碳在大气中平均仅停留4—12天1，但其影响范围和强度不容忽视。
青藏高原地区受黑碳影响尤其严重。2007—2016年间，来自南亚的黑碳沉降使青藏高原冰川消融增加了7.5%1。气候变暖的全球影响已经显现，北极地区变暖速度已达到全球平均水平的四倍1。这一变化带来了现实危害——2026年8月26日10时30分许，因尼泊尔一侧发生泥石流灾害，严重冲击了西藏日喀则市吉隆县吉隆口岸1。
黑碳污染的危害超越气候领域。全球每年约有320万人因家庭空气污染而过早死亡1，黑碳同时威胁人体健康和农业产量。这一隐蔽的气候"推手"正在通过多重途径影响全球生态和人类生存环境。
Black carbon, a potent climate pollutant, is accelerating glacier melting worldwide by reducing the reflectivity of ice and snow surfaces.1 Since the beginning of this century, the global ice sheet has lost more than 6.5 trillion tons of ice.1 In the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, black carbon emissions may increase local glacier melting rates by approximately 15 percent.1 Between 2007 and 2016, black carbon deposition from South Asia contributed to a 7.5 percent increase in glacier melting on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.1
The warming potential of black carbon per unit mass could reach up to 1,500 times that of carbon dioxide, and it has driven approximately 0.1°C of global warming between 1750 and 2019.1 Despite its potency, black carbon remains in the atmosphere for only 4 to 12 days on average.1 The Arctic region has warmed at four times the global average rate, partly due to the influence of black carbon and other factors.1 Beyond climate impacts, black carbon poses significant threats to human health and agricultural productivity, with approximately 3.2 million people dying prematurely each year from household air pollution exposure.1
The consequences of accelerating glacier melt in the Himalayan region became evident in August 2026, when a mudslide disaster originating from the Nepalese side severely damaged the Jilong Port in Jilong County, Shigatse City, Tibet, on August 26 at approximately 10:30 a.m.1
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