以色列与土耳其因叙利亚局势陷入激烈对抗。以色列在2024年8月18日空袭了叙利亚阿布杜胡尔空军基地，以色列总理办公室声称此举是为了阻止土耳其帮助重建叙利亚军队，但土耳其和叙利亚均予以否认，美国情报也未发现证据支持以色列的说法1。双方在措辞上也针锋相对，以色列总理办公室称土耳其总统埃尔多安为"反犹太主义暴君"，而埃尔多安则将以色列称为"恐怖国家"1。
两国在叙利亚的战略利益存在根本分歧。叙利亚新领导人艾哈迈德·沙阿于2024年晚期推翻了巴沙尔·阿萨德政权，土耳其随即成为新叙利亚政府的主要军事盟友，并在该国驻兵约20000人1。以色列则寻求维持叙利亚的分裂状态。此外，叙利亚常任安理会代表易卜拉欣·奥拉比在联合国安理会指责以色列继续占领黑门山（在1967年六日战争中被以色列占领，并于1981年正式吞并），称其为"对国际合法性和安理会决议的公然蔑视"1。土耳其还与沙特阿拉伯和巴基斯坦签署了相互防卫条约，进一步巩固其在地区的影响力1。
Israel and Turkey are engaged in a sharp dispute over Syria's political direction and regional influence, with each country trading hostile accusations and positioning military assets accordingly. On August 18, 2024, Israel conducted airstrikes on the Abu al-Duhur air base in Syria, claiming the operation aimed to prevent Turkey from helping rebuild Syria's military, though both Turkey and Syria denied this assertion, and U.S. intelligence found no supporting evidence.1 The tensions have escalated into personal attacks, with Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's office calling Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan an "antisemitic tyrant," while Erdoğan countered by labeling Israel a "terrorist state".1
The underlying conflict reflects fundamentally opposed strategic interests in post-Assad Syria. Israel seeks to maintain Syrian fragmentation and has maintained its decades-long control of the Golan Heights, territory captured in the 1967 Six-Day War and formally annexed in 1981.1 Turkey, by contrast, has become the primary military ally of Syria's new leadership under Ahmad al-Sharaa, who took power in late 2024 following the overthrow of Bashar al-Assad, and maintains approximately 20,000 troops deployed in Syria.1 Syria's permanent UN Security Council representative, Ibrahim Olabi, has protested Israel's continued occupation of Mount Hermon as a "flagrant disregard for international legitimacy and Security Council resolutions".1 Turkey has also reinforced its regional position by signing mutual defense treaties with Saudi Arabia and Pakistan.1
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