四大行上半年业绩向好 个贷不良率风险隐现

2026年上半年，工商银行、农业银行、建设银行、中国银行四大行陆续公布中期成绩。1四大行累计营收逾1.6万亿元，净利润额超6000亿元，实现近五年中期最佳增幅，净利润增速创四年新高。1其中农行营收增速在四大行中表现最优，突破两位数。1工行行长刘珺表示在高基数基础上取得超9%的近两位数增长。1

利息收益方面也显现积极信号。1四大行净息差较2025年末止跌回升，终结连续三年下行态势。1建行净息差回升3个基点至1.37%。1与此同时，四大行计息负债率较上年末降幅高达两位数，建行和中行接近20%。1

但资产质量出现隐忧。1个人贷款不良率集体走高，工行个贷不良率高达1.77%。1其中工行信用卡透支不良率攀升至5.37%，成为明显风险信号。1为应对个人信贷业务挑战，工行于2024年末在总行层面设立个人信贷业务部。1

值得注意的是，四大行资产总额合计占我国银行业金融机构资产总额（498万亿元）逾四成。1

China's four largest state-owned banks—Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, Agricultural Bank of China, Construction Bank of China, and Bank of China—posted their strongest mid-year performance in nearly five years, with combined operating revenues exceeding 1.6 trillion yuan and net profits surpassing 600 billion yuan 1. Net profit growth reached its highest level in four years, while net interest margins reversed three consecutive years of decline 1.

Agricultural Bank of China led the group with double-digit revenue growth 1. The four banks achieved improved net interest margins, with Construction Bank's margin rising 3 basis points to 1.37 percent 1. The improvement was supported by a significant drop in interest-bearing liability ratios compared to year-end 2025, with Construction Bank and Bank of China posting declines approaching 20 percentage points 1.

However, personal loan asset quality deteriorated across all four institutions 1. ICBC's personal loan non-performing ratio climbed to 1.77 percent, while its credit card default ratio surged to 5.37 percent, signaling emerging credit risks 1. In response to these concerns, ICBC established a dedicated personal credit business department at its head office in late 2024 1. The four banks' combined assets represent over 40 percent of China's banking sector's total assets of 498 trillion yuan 1.