由东英吉利大学医学教授保罗·亨特（Paul Hunter）领导的一项大规模对照研究揭示了野生游泳相关的健康风险 1。该研究在匈牙利的两个河流和两个湖泊浴场共招募了2368名参与者 1。数据表明，野生游泳者患皮肤病的风险是对照组的两倍以上，其发病率分别为2.7%和1.3% 1。同时，约2.1%的游泳者报告了胃肠道疾病，而非游泳者的比例为1.9% 1。研究进一步指出，在E coli和体大肠噬菌体浓度较高的水域中，胃肠道疾病的发病风险会显著增加 1。
该研究的所有四个试验地点均符合当时生效的欧盟浴场水标准 1。这一结果对世界卫生组织（WHO）取消将E coli作为淡水浴场污染推荐指标的决定提出了质疑 1。WHO的新指南目前建议仅监测肠球菌，不再监测E coli 1。然而，该研究发现E coli与疾病风险增加相关，而肠球菌则不然 1。基于上述发现，研究团队建议重新将E coli纳入淡水监测标准 1。
A large-scale controlled study conducted in Hungary has revealed that wild swimmers face a significantly elevated risk of developing skin rashes, while their risk of gastrointestinal illnesses increases significantly in waters with higher concentrations of E. coli and somatic coliphages 1. Led by Paul Hunter, a medical professor at the University of East Anglia, the research tracked 2,368 participants across two river and two lake bathing sites 1. The findings indicate that swimmers are more than twice as likely to contract skin diseases compared to a control group, with infection rates reaching 2.7% among swimmers versus 1.3% for non-swimmers 1. Additionally, approximately 2.1% of the swimmers reported gastrointestinal illnesses, compared to 1.9% of the non-swimmers 1.
The study's results challenge the World Health Organization's recent decision to remove E. coli as a recommended indicator for freshwater bathing site pollution 1. Under new WHO guidelines, only enterococci are recommended for monitoring, while E. coli is excluded 1. However, the research discovered that E. coli levels are actually associated with an increased risk of illness, whereas enterococci levels are not 1. Furthermore, all four trial locations used in the study complied with the European Union bathing water standards that were in effect at the time 1. Consequently, the researchers suggest that E. coli should be reintroduced into freshwater monitoring standards 1.
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