随着结直肠癌在年轻人中发病率上升以及个性化肠道微生物组治疗逐渐流行，越来越多的人把目光投向肠道健康 [1]。作为回应，美国联邦政府最新的饮食指南特别鼓励民众增加发酵食品的摄入 [1]。卫生部长罗伯特·F·肯尼迪 Jr. 的"让美国再次健康"运动也推动了这一趋势 [1]。
专家建议通过多样化摄入各类发酵食品来维持肠道菌群平衡。斯坦福大学研究营养师 Dalia Perelman 建议每天摄入两份不同种类的发酵食品 [1]。然而，纽约大学朗格尼健康中心胃肠病学家 Dr. Lisa Ganjhu 指出，虽然啤酒和葡萄酒属于发酵食品，但它们不一定能提供益生菌，甚至可能对微生物组产生负面影响 [1]。
在选择发酵食品时需要谨慎。专家警告消费者要警惕营销炒作，避免含糖的发酵产品，因为额外的糖分会为有害细菌提供养分 [1]。此外，由于个体差异可能导致不适，消费者应当注意自身反应 [1]。
Rising rates of colorectal cancer among younger populations and the growing popularity of personalized gut microbiome treatments have sparked increased attention to digestive health. [1] The latest U.S. federal dietary guidelines specifically encourage Americans to consume more fermented foods, a trend bolstered by Health Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr.'s "Make America Healthy Again" initiative. [1]
To maintain a balanced gut microbiome, experts recommend consuming a diverse array of fully fermented foods. [1] According to research nutritionist Dalia Perelman of Stanford University, individuals should aim for two servings daily of different types of fermented products. [1] However, consumers should remain vigilant against marketing hype and be aware that individual responses to fermented foods may vary. [1]
Dr. Lisa Ganjhu, a gastroenterologist at NYU Langone Health Center, cautions that while beer and wine are fermented foods, they are not necessarily probiotic and may negatively impact the microbiome. [1] Experts also warn against fermented products with added sugar, as excess sugar feeds harmful bacteria. [1]