黑洞奇点是表面而非点

2026年8月21日提交的一篇论文提出，黑洞中心的奇点并非一个点，而是一个二维表面 1。该研究指出，在广义相对论中，两个沿不同角轨迹同时自由下落的观测者不会在中心奇点相遇，而是在远离奇点处失去因果联系 1。

对于旋转黑洞，研究认为奇表面几乎肯定位于其内视界，且经典或量子微扰会引发指数级质量暴涨不稳定性，导致其坍缩为类空奇表面 1。论文作者进一步提出，黑洞的量子态可能存在于该有效的二维奇表面上，并且该表面与黑洞在事件视界内产生的霍金辐射热大气共同演化，两者处于热力学平衡状态 1。

A paper submitted on August 21, 2026, proposes that the singularity at the center of a black hole is not a point, but rather a two-dimensional surface 1. According to general relativity, two observers in free fall along different angular trajectories simultaneously will not meet at the central singularity, but will instead lose causal contact far away from it 1.

For rotating black holes, the study suggests that this singular surface is almost certainly located at the inner horizon 1. Classical or quantum perturbations can trigger an exponential mass inflation instability, causing it to collapse into a spacelike singular surface 1. Furthermore, the authors propose that the quantum state of the black hole may exist on this effective two-dimensional singular surface, which co-evolves and remains in thermodynamic equilibrium with the thermal atmosphere of Hawking radiation generated inside the event horizon 1.