城市树木在应对气候变热中发挥着降温、减污、储碳及改善居民健康的关键作用，但当前正面临干旱和高温的生存威胁 1。树冠内的温度可比周围低3摄氏度，站在树下的体感温度可比旁边低10至12摄氏度 1。科学家和城市管理者强调，保护老树比新种树苗更为重要，因为树木需40至50年才能发挥全部功能，且约需400棵树苗才能替代一棵冠幅20米老树的效益 1。同时，健康树木每天至少需要10至15升水，成熟满冠树木需高达四倍 1。
为应对生存挑战，科学家和城市管理者正研究并实施科学灌溉、土壤改良及树种选择等保护与适应性种植策略 1。在树种规划上，推荐采用“10-20-30法则”，即城市森林中单一物种不超过10%、单一属不超过20%、单一科不超过30% 1。此外，德国正在220多个地点测试45个树种的生长情况 1。CITREE数据库收录近400种木本植物，可按50多个特征分类 1。
Urban trees play a key role in combating rising temperatures by cooling the environment, reducing pollution, storing carbon, and improving residents' health 1. However, droughts and high temperatures are threatening the survival of trees 1. The temperature inside a tree canopy can be 3 degrees Celsius lower than the surrounding area, while the perceived temperature for someone standing under a tree can be 10 to 12 degrees Celsius lower than nearby 1. On August 25, 2026, city managers and scientists are researching and implementing strategies for the protection and adaptive planting of urban trees 1.
Experts emphasize that protecting old trees is more important than planting new ones 1. It requires approximately 400 saplings to replace the benefits of a single old tree with a 20-meter canopy 1. Trees need 40 to 50 years to perform their full functions 1. A healthy tree requires at least 10 to 15 liters of water per day, and a mature, fully canopied tree requires up to four times that amount 1.
Strategies for urban trees include scientific irrigation, soil improvement, and tree species selection 1. The 10-20-30 rule specifies that in an urban forest, a single species should not exceed 10%, a single genus should not exceed 20%, and a single family should not exceed 30% 1. In Germany, the growth of 45 tree species is being tested at more than 220 locations 1. Furthermore, the CITREE database contains nearly 400 woody plant species, which can be classified according to more than 50 characteristics, with a priority on drought tolerance 1.
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