中国工信部首次明确提出探索"算力银行"和"算力超市"两项创新业务，作为"普惠算力赋能中小企业发展"专项行动的重要内容1。这两大创新模式旨在降低中小企业获取算力资源的成本和门槛，通过更灵活的方式让企业共享算力。其中，"算力超市"作为线上交易平台，支持企业按需购买不同规格的算力资源，并创新采用"卡时""核时"及Token等多种计费方式1；"算力银行"则允许企业将闲置算力存入平台，在需要时灵活调度取用1。
这些探索依托"算力一张网"国家级算力基础设施统筹布局体系而展开1，旨在破解当前算力资源碎片化、区域失衡等问题1。通过这两种模式，中小企业的算力使用成本可能降至原来的十分之一，甚至更低1。上海、山东、宁夏等多地已开展"算力超市"的探索实践1。
China's Ministry of Industry and Information Technology has unveiled two innovative business models—the "Computing Power Marketplace" and "Computing Power Bank"—designed to provide small and medium-sized enterprises with more flexible and cost-effective access to computing resources.1 These initiatives are part of a special action plan focused on empowering SMEs through inclusive computing power services.
The "Computing Power Marketplace" functions as an online trading platform that allows enterprises to purchase computing resources on demand with flexible specifications.1 The "Computing Power Bank" enables companies to deposit unused computing capacity into a shared platform and withdraw it when their own computing needs increase.1 Both models support innovative billing methods, including card-hour, core-hour, and token-based pricing schemes.1 According to the initiative, computing costs could potentially be reduced to as little as one-tenth of their original levels.1
These concepts are built upon the "Computing Power One Network" framework, a national-level computing infrastructure system designed to address fragmentation and regional imbalances in computing resource distribution.1 Multiple regions, including Shanghai, Shandong, and Ningxia, have already begun pilot explorations of the Computing Power Marketplace model.1 The overarching goal is to lower barriers to entry and reduce experimental costs for smaller enterprises seeking to leverage computing resources for their operations.
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