特朗普政府以各国未能有效执行强迫劳动进口禁令为由，依据《1974年贸易法》第301条对60多个国家实施两位数关税，税率为10%或12.5%[1]。这些受影响国家的商品占美国进口总额的99%[1]。美国政府用4个月时间完成了这项调查[1]，但多个国家对美方的结论提出质疑。巴西声称美方行动"武断且无理由"[1]，澳大利亚也质疑其12.5%关税的正当性[1]。
批评人士指责这一举措实际上是绕过国会的做法，用以替代已过期的临时关税[1]。法律专家表示，受影响国家没有短期路径来摆脱新的第301条款关税[1]。美国纺织品协会表示纺织业是受强迫劳动影响最大的行业，过去两年多失去41家工厂，共雇用453,000名工人[1]。美国此前的调查发现，东南亚渔业存在奴隶劳动[1]，2020年的调查则发现棕榈油产业存在广泛劳动虐待[1]。
The Trump administration has implemented tariffs ranging from 10% to 12.5% on more than 60 countries, citing their failure to effectively enforce bans on forced labor imports [1]. The action, authorized under Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974, targets nations accounting for 99% of total U.S. imports [1]. The administration conducted a four-month investigation to justify the measure [1].
The tariff decision has drawn sharp criticism from affected nations and trade observers. Brazil characterized the U.S. action as "arbitrary and unjustified," while Australia has also contested the legitimacy of its 12.5% tariff [1]. Critics argue the tariffs represent an end-run around Congress, functioning as a replacement for expired temporary tariffs rather than a genuine forced-labor enforcement mechanism [1]. According to legal experts, there is no short-term pathway for affected countries to escape the new Section 301 tariffs [1].
The administration points to documented labor abuses in global supply chains to support its position. Previous U.S. investigations uncovered slave labor in Southeast Asian fisheries in 2015 and widespread labor abuse in the palm oil industry in 2020 [1]. The American textile industry has been particularly hard hit; the U.S. Textile Association reports the sector lost 41 factories over the past two years, affecting 453,000 workers, as it faces substantial impacts from forced labor in global supply chains [1]. However, targeted countries dispute the U.S. conclusions, claiming the allegations lack hard evidence and that American accusations are unfounded [1].