世界卫生组织发布的最新数据显示，2013年至2023年间全球血液采集增长近19%，无偿献血已占2023年估计1.2亿份血液捐献的85%以上[1]。然而，安全血液的获取仍存在显著的地理差异和结构性障碍。高收入国家虽仅占全球人口15%，却采集了全球36%的血液，而低收入国家则因融资、基础设施和捐献者招募不足而面临严重短缺[1]。
低收入国家的无偿献血占比仅为63.4%，远低于高收入国家的98.4%[1]。在献血率方面，各国间差异尤为悬殊，从每1000人0.4份到53份不等[1]。其中24个国家的血液采集低于每1000人5份的水平，这直接制约了其提供及时输血的能力[1]。
制度建设的滞后进一步加剧了这一不平等局面。近三分之一国家仍缺乏血液安全和质量保证的具体立法[1]。仅64%的国家建立了血液服务常规检查制度，62%拥有许可证制度，40%有血液输血服务认证[1]。此外，超过七分之一的国家既无专项政府预算分配也无血液服务成本回收机制[1]。
世界卫生组织总干事谭德塞强调："没有人应该因为需要时安全血液不可用而死亡"[1]。本次发布的《2025年全球血液安全和可用性状态报告》基于168个国家数据，覆盖全球97%人口[1]。世界献血者日定于每年6月14日，今年的主题为"One Drop of Humanity. Give Blood. Save Lives"[1]。
The World Health Organization has released findings from its 2025 Global Blood Safety and Availability Status Report, revealing substantial progress in blood collection alongside persistent inequities in access.[1] Global blood collection increased by nearly 19% between 2013 and 2023, with voluntary donations accounting for over 85% of an estimated 120 million blood donations in 2023.[1] WHO Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus emphasized the urgency of this issue, stating: "No one should die because safe blood is unavailable when needed."[1]
The data underscores stark disparities in blood supply across economic regions and nations.[1] High-income countries, representing only 15% of the global population, collect 36% of the world's blood supply, while low-income countries face critical shortages due to insufficient financing, inadequate infrastructure, and weak donor recruitment efforts.[1] The proportion of voluntary donations varies dramatically between income groups, with high-income nations achieving 98.4% voluntary donation rates compared to just 63.4% in low-income countries.[1] Blood donation rates also differ enormously across countries, ranging from 0.4 to 53 donations per 1,000 people, with 24 nations reporting collection below 5 donations per 1,000 people—a level that severely constrains timely transfusion services.[1]
Regulatory and institutional gaps further compromise blood safety and availability.[1] Nearly one-third of countries lack specific legislation on blood safety and quality assurance, while only 64% of nations reported having routine blood service inspection systems, 62% have licensing frameworks, and 40% maintain accreditation for blood and transfusion services.[1] More than one-seventh of countries have neither dedicated government budget allocations nor cost-recovery mechanisms for blood services.[1] The WHO's analysis is based on data from 168 countries, covering 97% of the global population.[1]