联合国发布的《追踪SDG 7：能源进展报告》揭示了全球能源获取面临的严峻挑战。[1]根据最新数据，全球仍有6.55亿人无法获得电力供应，20亿人依然使用污染性燃料进行烹饪。[1]这一局面每年造成约300万人死于家庭空气污染。[1]
撒哈拉以南非洲地区面临最为紧迫的困境，该地区无电人口超过5.6亿，缺乏清洁烹饪设施的人口达9.7亿。[1]2024年全球电力获取率为92%，但年增长率较上个十年下降一半。[1]为实现2030年前的普遍能源获取目标，撒哈拉以南非洲的电气化进度需要提高三倍，而全球年度进度需从现在提升至1.3%。[1]
尽管可再生能源占全球发电消费的30%以上，[1]能源转型的融资仍存在明显不足。[1]2024年流向发展中国家的国际公共融资达246亿美元，但流向最不发达国家的资金仅为37亿美元，较上年下降11%。[1]国际能源署署长Fatih Birol指出："自2010年以来，15亿人获得了清洁烹饪途径，8亿人获得了电力供应。"[1]世界卫生组织总干事Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus强调："获得清洁可持续能源不仅是能源问题，更是关乎健康的根本需求。"[1]报告将于2026年7月8日在纽约高级别政治论坛特别发布会上呈现。[1]
The United Nations has released the "Tracking SDG 7: Energy Progress Report" for 2023-2024, revealing persistent barriers to universal energy access worldwide. [1] The report shows that 655 million people remain without electricity, while 2 billion people rely on polluting fuels for cooking. [1] Sub-Saharan Africa faces the most severe challenges, with over 560 million people lacking electricity and 970 million without access to clean cooking facilities. [1] These figures underscore the urgency of accelerating progress toward achieving universal energy access by 2030.
The report indicates that global electricity access rates reached 92 percent in 2024, but the annual growth rate has declined to half of the previous decade's pace. [1] To achieve universal electricity access by 2030, annual progress must increase from current levels to 1.3 percent. [1] Sub-Saharan Africa must triple its electrification rate to meet this target. [1] Meanwhile, household air pollution from reliance on polluting cooking fuels causes approximately 3 million deaths annually. [1]
Renewable energy progress offers some encouragement, with renewables accounting for over 30 percent of global electricity generation. [1] Global renewable energy generation capacity reached 544 watts per capita in 2024. [1] However, financing constraints threaten momentum. International public finance flowing to clean energy in developing countries totaled $24.6 billion in 2024, while funding to least developed countries reached $3.7 billion—a decline of 11 percent compared to 2023. [1]
According to Fatih Birol, since 2010, 1.5 billion people have gained access to clean cooking and 800 million have gained access to electricity. [1] Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus emphasized that universal access to clean and sustainable energy is not merely an energy challenge; it is a fundamental health imperative. [1] The report will be presented at a special session of the High-Level Political Forum in New York on July 8, 2026. [1]