根据世界卫生组织与联合国儿童基金会发布的2025年数据，全球儿童免疫接种覆盖率出现了微弱进展。全球90%的婴幼儿接种了至少一剂白喉-破伤风-百日咳疫苗，85%完成了全部三剂接种，较前一年提升了一个百分点[1]。然而，这一成绩仍未能弥补过往缺口，全球覆盖率依然比2019年低一个百分点[1]。
在疫情防控层面，麻疹疫苗接种进展更加滞后。麻疹疫苗第一剂接种率为84%，第二剂接种率仅为77%，均未达到95%的防止疫情爆发阈值[1]。这种不足导致57个国家在2025年报告了大规模麻疹疫情[1]。与此同时，全球仍有1350万儿童处于"零剂次"状态，未接种任何疫苗，尽管这一数字较前一年减少了75万例[1]。其中超过一半的未接种儿童生活在冲突、脆弱或易受伤害地区[1]。
联合国儿童基金会执行主任Catherine Russell表示："数百万脆弱儿童因冲突、流离失所和贫困而仍未受到保护"[1]。世界卫生组织总干事Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus强调："免疫接种是最具成本效益、最公平、最可靠的儿童健康干预措施之一"[1]。此外，监测数据的匮乏也加剧了问题——2024年仅有18项国家免疫调查被提交[1]。
Global vaccination coverage for children has advanced incrementally in 2025, according to new data released by the World Health Organization and UNICEF. Ninety percent of infants worldwide received at least one dose of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine, while 85 percent completed the full three-dose series, marking a one percentage point increase from the previous year [1]. However, this progress remains one percentage point below 2019 levels, and approximately 13.5 million children—known as "zero-dose" children—have not received any vaccines at all, though this represents a reduction of 750,000 cases compared to the prior year [1].
Measles vaccination coverage continues to fall short of disease prevention thresholds. Only 84 percent of children received the first dose of measles vaccine and 77 percent received the second dose, both figures remaining below the 95 percent coverage needed to prevent outbreaks [1]. The coverage gap has had tangible consequences, with 57 countries reporting large-scale or disruptive measles epidemics in 2025 [1]. Additionally, 7.3 million infants initiated the diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccination schedule but did not complete it [1].
Conflict and vulnerability disproportionately affect immunization access. More than half of zero-dose children live in conflict-affected, fragile, or vulnerable areas [1]. Catherine Russell, Executive Director of UNICEF, stated: "Millions of vulnerable children remain unprotected due to conflict, displacement, and poverty" [1]. Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, Director-General of WHO, emphasized that "immunization is among the most cost-effective, equitable, and reliable interventions for child health" [1]. The agencies also noted that only 18 national immunization surveys were submitted in 2024, substantially below the 50 surveys expected that year [1].