美国宇航局的詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜捕捉到了超大质量黑洞吸积物质的详细观测图像。这一观测针对距地球约1.45亿光年的NGC 4696星系，该星系是半人马座星团中最大的中心星系1。研究团队利用韦伯望远镜的NIRSpec仪器进行了近8小时的观测，空间分辨率可达30光年尺度1。
观测数据显示，一条长丝状气体结构将物质输送到黑洞周围的旋转盘中，该盘面直径约800光年，其中气体流速最高达每秒600公里1。研究表明，这个超大质量黑洞可能通过喷流加热气体，随后再吸收冷却后的物质来循环利用燃料1。这项研究由蒙特利尔大学领导，密歇根州立大学等机构参与1，成果已于2026年7月14日发表在《天体物理学报快报》上1。
NASA's James Webb Space Telescope has obtained detailed observations of a supermassive black hole actively accreting material, revealing the mechanics of how these cosmic objects consume gas and dust.1 The observations targeted NGC 4696, the largest central galaxy in the Centaurus Cluster located approximately 145 million light-years from Earth.1 Using the telescope's NIRSpec instrument over nearly eight hours of observation time, researchers detected a filamentary gas structure funneling material into a rotating disk roughly 800 light-years in diameter surrounding the black hole, with gas flowing at speeds reaching 600 kilometers per second.1
The unprecedented spatial resolution of the observations, capable of distinguishing structures as small as 30 light-years across, has provided scientists with new insights into black hole feeding mechanisms.1 The research suggests that supermassive black holes may operate in a cyclical process, where jets heat surrounding gas before the cooled material is reabsorbed, allowing the black holes to recycle their fuel supply.1 The findings were published on July 14, 2026, in the Astrophysical Journal Letters, with the research led by the University of Montreal and including participation from Michigan State University.1
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