美国加州大学旧金山分校与伦敦帝国学院的研究表明，一次性服用裸盖菇素可产生长达一个月的可测量脑活动变化和脑结构改变。[1]研究发现，单次25毫克裸盖菇素给药在60分钟内导致脑熵上升，28名受试者中有27人将该体验描述为"有史以来最"不寻常的意识状态。[1]该研究涉及28名此前未接触过迷幻药的健康成年人，相关成果已发表在《自然通讯》杂志上。[1]
脑部变化与心理效益紧密相关。[1]参与者在给药后第二天报告了显著更多的心理洞察，脑熵增加的幅度与次日心理洞察强烈相关。[1]更为重要的是，这些心理洞察与受试者一个月后报告的幸福感改善存在关联，且高剂量给药后2周和4周时，幸福感均有明显改善。[1]脑部影像检查进一步揭示，脑白质神经束的密度增加、完整性改善，这一变化与通常在衰老过程中观察到的神经束扩散形成对比。[1]
Researchers from UC San Francisco and Imperial College London have found that a single dose of psilocybin produces measurable changes in brain activity that persist for at least a month, along with potential structural alterations to neural tissue.[1] In the study, 28 healthy adults who had never used psychedelics received a 25-milligram dose of psilocybin, which increased brain entropy—a measure of neural complexity—within 60 minutes.[1] The findings were published in Nature Communications.[1]
The cognitive and psychological effects proved significant.[1] Twenty-seven of the 28 participants described the experience as among the most unusual states of consciousness they had ever encountered.[1] Participants reported substantially greater psychological insights the day after receiving the drug, and those with the largest increases in brain entropy reported the most insights.[1] Well-being improvements were observed at both two weeks and four weeks post-administration.[1] The increased brain entropy correlated strongly with psychological insights reported the following day, which in turn correlated with improved well-being one month later.[1]
Beyond functional changes, the researchers detected structural modifications to neural tissue.[1] Diffusion tensor imaging revealed increased neural bundle density and improved integrity—changes that contrast with the typical neural degeneration seen during aging.[1]