特朗普总统周五签署行政令，要求在史密森尼美国历史国家博物馆外张贴标志，声称博物馆的某些展览内容不准确。[1][2][3]
这一举措是特朗普政府对该机构持续施压的最新升级。[1]内政部被指示与国家公园管理局合作设计临时标志，批评博物馆的展览并引导游客查阅其他信息来源。[1]行政令的正式标题为《恢复对史密森尼学会的信任》。[2]
白宫指控该博物馆领导将美国历史作为推进社会正义的工具，声称机构"受到根植于马克思主义的极端政治激进主义侵蚀，试图分裂和打击美国人"。[2]白宫国内政策委员会在7月4日发布的一份报告中批评博物馆没有以"令人鼓舞、统一、值得我们伟大共和国"的方式呈现历史。[3]
特朗普及其盟友指责该机构过度关注美国历史上的不公正现象，而非《独立宣言》签署等胜利时刻。[1]共和党议员在国会听证会上指责博物馆展览中存在"明显的色情内容"并鼓励"自我厌恶"。[1]
史密森尼美国历史博物馆主任安西亚·哈蒂格回应称，该报告"没有公平或准确地描述博物馆的全部工作"。[3]她表示："我们尊重宣言、革命、宪法，我们的国家象征。我们讲述国家未能达到其建立理想的真相。"[1]美国历史协会声明指出，"政治干预职业博物馆工作威胁历史解释的准确性"。[1]
这家联邦政府资助的机构每年吸引1500万至3000万访客，在华盛顿、弗吉尼亚和纽约共运营21家博物馆。[2]特朗普政府早在3月就曾发布单独行政令，指示史密森尼"消除不当的、分裂性的或反美意识形态"。[2]
President Trump has ordered the Department of Interior to install signs outside the Smithsonian's National Museum of American History, claiming certain exhibits are inaccurate.[1][2][3] The signs will inform visitors that some displays contain false information and direct them to alternative sources Trump deems accurate.[3]
This escalation stems from an executive order titled "Restoring Trust in the Smithsonian Institution."[2] According to the White House, the museum's leadership has allowed the institution to be "eroded by extreme political radicalism rooted in Marxism" that attempts to "divide and demoralize Americans."[2] The White House National Domestic Policy Council issued a report on July 4 criticizing the Smithsonian for failing to present history in a manner that is "inspiring, unifying, and worthy of our great republic," instead focusing excessively on injustices in American history rather than achievements such as the signing of the Declaration of Independence.[1][3]
The Interior Department has been instructed to work with the National Park Service to design temporary signage that will critique the museum's exhibitions.[1] The executive order also calls for temporary exhibits to "correct" information the Trump administration considers misleading.[3]
Museum Director Anthea Hartig has pushed back against the accusations. She stated: "We respect the Declaration, the Revolution, the Constitution, our nation's symbols. We tell the truth about the ways the nation failed to live up to the ideals on which it was founded."[1] In response to the White House report, she asserted that it "has not fairly or accurately described the totality of the museum's work."[3]
The American Historical Association has issued a statement warning that "political interference in the professional work of museums threatens the accuracy of historical interpretation."[1] During recent congressional hearings, Republican lawmakers accused the museum of displaying "flagrant pornographic content" and promoting "self-hatred."[1]
This action represents Trump's ongoing effort to reshape how American history is presented. In March, he issued a separate executive order directing the Smithsonian to "eliminate inappropriate, divisive, or anti-American ideology."[2] The Smithsonian operates 21 museums across Washington, Virginia, and New York, funded by the federal government and attracting between 15 to 30 million visitors annually.[2]