美国总统特朗普周五实施新一轮关税政策，对来自60个经济体的进口商品征收两位数关税 [1]。新关税税率介于10%至12.5%之间 [1]，其中12.5%的税率适用于缺乏强迫劳动进口禁令的国家，10%的税率适用于虽有相关限制但执行不力的国家 [1]。这些关税涵盖美国进口商品的99% [1]，并于最高法院推翻特朗普去年全球关税后的凌晨0时01分生效 [1]。
美国贸易代表詹姆森·格瑞尔为新措施辩护，表示"美国近一个世纪以来一直有强迫劳动进口禁令，并严格执行；现在是我们贸易伙伴也这样做的时候了" [1]。新关税根据《1974年贸易法》第301条实施 [1]。
批评人士指控这一举措是试图以不同名义重启先前被推翻的关税。俄勒冈州民主党参议员罗恩·怀登称之为"公然企图以不同名义复活特朗普非法全球关税" [1]。
最高法院曾于今年2月推翻特朗普根据《1977年国际紧急经济权力法》实施的关税 [1]。据报道，美国关税收入在去年10月峰值超过314亿美元，随后回落至3月和4月各220亿美元，6月出现256亿美元的巨大亏损 [1]。零售业联合会预测，由于零售商在关税生效前备货，7月美国集装箱港口进口量将创历史新高 [1]。
President Trump on Friday implemented double-digit tariffs on imported goods from 60 trading partners, officially framed as a measure to prevent the importation of products made through forced labor [1]. The new tariffs cover 99% of U.S. imports and took effect at 12:01 a.m. Friday, coinciding with the expiration of a temporary global tariff that the Supreme Court struck down in February [1].
The tariff rates range from 10% to 12.5%, with the higher rate applied to nations lacking laws prohibiting forced labor imports and the lower rate targeting countries with such restrictions but weak enforcement [1]. The measure was implemented under Section 301 of the 1974 Trade Act [1].
Critics have characterized the action as an attempt to resurrect Trump's previous global tariffs under a different legal justification, following the Supreme Court's February decision to overturn tariffs the president imposed last year under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act [1]. Democratic Senator Ron Wyden of Oregon stated: "This is a blatant attempt to resurrect Trump's illegal global tariffs under a different name" [1].
U.S. Trade Representative Jameson Greer defended the measure, saying: "America has had a forced labor import ban for nearly a century and enforces it strictly; now it is time for our trading partners to do the same" [1].
The tariffs arrive as U.S. customs revenue has fluctuated significantly, peaking at over $31.4 billion in October of last year before declining to $22 billion each in March and April, followed by a substantial shortfall of $25.6 billion in June [1]. In anticipation of the tariffs, the Retail Industry Association projected that July would see record-high container port imports as retailers stockpile goods ahead of the duties taking effect [1].