全球野火规模和频率在不断上升。[1]野火烟雾每年造成约150万人死亡，其危害已突破地理界限。[1]2023年加拿大野火烟雾就导致欧洲22000例早期死亡，占该地区总死亡数82000的比例。[1]
气候变化是野火加剧的主要驱动因素。[1]全球气温上升约1.3℃，增加了野火风险。[1]气候变化使某些地区野火发生的概率翻倍。[1]
人类活动对燃烧面积的影响呈现复杂态势。[1]自1900年以来，人类活动导致燃烧面积减少19.1%，但气候变化增加了15.8%，总体表现为下降3.3%。[1]
展望未来，形势更加严峻。[1]到本世纪末，全球燃烧面积在乐观情景下预计增加40%，在最坏情景下则会翻倍。[1]
应对这一挑战需要改善土地管理和防火措施。[1]这些适应性措施被认为是遏制野火恶化的重要手段。[1]
Wildfires are intensifying across the world, driven by warming temperatures and increasingly arid conditions that are expanding both the scale and frequency of these disasters. Wildfire smoke causes approximately 1.5 million deaths annually, with impacts now transcending regional boundaries. [1]
The 2023 Canadian wildfires demonstrated the transnational nature of this threat, generating smoke that contributed to 22,000 premature deaths in Europe—accounting for a portion of the continent's 82,000 total smoke-related deaths that year. [1]
Global temperatures have risen approximately 1.3 degrees Celsius, elevating wildfire risk in numerous regions where climate change has doubled the probability of fire occurrence in some areas. [1] Projections indicate that by the end of this century, the global area burned could increase by 40 percent under optimistic scenarios or potentially double under worst-case climate outcomes. [1]
Human activity has reduced burned area by 19.1 percent since 1900, yet climate change has simultaneously increased it by 15.8 percent, resulting in a net decline of 3.3 percent overall. [1] Addressing this escalating crisis requires improved land management practices and enhanced fire prevention measures to adapt to warming conditions and mitigate future devastation. [1]