美国2026年麻疹疫情加剧，疾病控制与预防中心截至周四确认2,318例病例 [1][2]，已经超过2025年全年的2,289例 [1][2]，成为自1991年以来最严重的一年 [1][2]，也是美国自2000年麻疹被宣布消灭以来感染人数最多的一年 [2]。
疫情在多个州形成集中爆发。南卡罗来纳州共有997例病例 [1]，犹他州超过700人在一年多时间内患病 [1]，亚利桑那州也出现大规模疫情 [1]。此外德克萨斯州2025年疫情可能是已知762例的近两倍 [1]。卫生官员认为官方统计可能存在严重漏报，实际病例数可能远高于报告数字 [1]。
疫苗接种率下降是疫情加剧的关键原因。美国幼儿园麻疹、腮腺炎和风疹疫苗接种率从2019-20年的95.2%下降至2024-25年的92.5% [1]，已低于预防爆发所需的95%阈值 [1]。
国际卫生部门已采取行动。11月，国际卫生官员将召开会议确定美国和墨西哥是否已失去无麻疹状态 [1]。美国在2000年通过保持高疫苗接种率消除了本地麻疹传播 [1]。
对此，卫生专业人士强调了疫苗接种的重要性。Dr. Mark Roberts表示："不让你的孩子接种疫苗就像说'我不希望我的车有刹车'，因为你会撞到其他人。" [1]
The United States has recorded 2,318 measles cases as of Thursday, exceeding the entire 2025 total of 2,289 cases [1][2]. This marks the most severe measles year in the country since 1991 and the highest number of infections since measles was declared eliminated in 2000 [1][2].
Three states are experiencing major outbreaks: South Carolina has reported 997 cases, Utah has seen more than 700 cases over the past year, and Texas's 2025 outbreak may have affected nearly twice the known 762 cases [1]. Official statistics may significantly undercount actual infections, with real case numbers potentially far exceeding reported figures [1].
Declining vaccination rates have contributed to the spread. The measles, mumps, and rubella vaccination rate among kindergarteners dropped from 95.2% in 2019-20 to 92.5% in 2024-25, falling below the 95% threshold necessary to prevent outbreaks [1]. The United States had eliminated domestic measles transmission in 2000 through sustained high vaccination coverage [1].
International health officials are scheduled to meet in November to determine whether the United States and Mexico have lost their measles-free status [1]. Dr. Mark Roberts has emphasized the importance of vaccination, stating that refusing to vaccinate your child is "like saying 'I don't want my car to have brakes,' because you're going to hit other people" [1].